LEARN ABOUT THE LAW THE PRIEST.

 

When the Buddha then, the new compiler starts. The compiler recite the Sutra Pitaka and Vinaya. In the Vinaya, the first under Law in history to mention is that the Ton Bat accompanied by fake law Pros-ba-li eighty times sitting to complete the proceedings, the Law of Buddha.

The contents of the compiler that like?

Compiler: the element is Samgati, Tau translated means "class action", that is all we recite together the Lord Buddha's teachings. Proceedings in any way? Chun-li-ba-author advantage or author Chun-nan-A sat between them reading each sentence clear as day, in the place, I heard the Buddha like this this ... if there are any mass He taught others would hear speech if no one said that silence is the past. Continue to recite the same as on the other end, so-called class action. The first compiler texts do not have anything. Compiler oral reading up and they all remembered in memory only. Memories of the whole is the A-la-drought levels, the big deal. Essential to remember that such a practice, not what other purposes.

Chun-li-ba-author Benefits Law Procedure

Thus, the Law is the first Bat accompanied by Chun-li-ba-author advantage proceedings, and then it turns out five more:

Dam-very-virtue of (French organs of) the law of transmission, including 60 books.

Tat-she-has-the (Friends of) traditional law proceedings Cross, has 60 books.

Di-sa-law rules of traditional five parts, with 30 books, the field of Chemistry.

Ca-lettuce-cell transmission Liberation world, including 50 books, under the Basic necessarily organic.

Ma-ha-period increase transmitter Increase public law, there are 40 books, the mass of and read from the.

In the Buddha, he does not split in the law as above, but in the chemical process, depending on the offending site that manufactured the world for every student to know and next time do not be committed again. This is the origin of the Law. After the Buddha's passing, the compiler first pure action only eighty times sitting action only. From then on, transmitted through the maintenance of long-Ca-Ton lettuce, A-nan, Mat-fill-place, Commercial-na-tu-Air, Pros-three-buttons-to-multipoint (Maha Kasyapa, Ananda, Madhyantika, Sana Vasa, Upagupta) are homogeneous position, not classified to sue for discipline. By the Sun three-buttons-author advantage is the multi-Thursday, to the period 110 years after Buddha's passing, then A-sexual king was born. A-sexual king is king ruled at first very cruel to people labeled as A-sexual Black King (A-training and the evil king). But the evil of good parts, medical procedures and jewels into a practicing Buddhist, Buddhism holder a powerful one, known as the French A-sexual realm.

Cause division Law

Buddha Dharma thus also spiritual things, the monk of a tourist per group, were not clumped together, so that from where a legal action to collect Bat divided into five areas, five groups. In this group remembering and reciting the years and in particular the practice of other well, should create five different laws. Five-year law student that is so fake advantage of Ton-three-buttons-have hold and transfer process. In the law it is:

-Very-faith negotiations over the law of the transmitter section.

Slap-her-law had accompanied the charge transfer.

Di-sa-law rules over five transmission section.

Ca-lettuce-cell transmission over the Emancipation laws.

Ba-ta-la-rich rule over the Ma-transmission infrastructure.

Five groups are transmitted over separate Vinaya which arise in the year of the above.

In the aforementioned law on the part of the same, only the difference in three soil-legal problems and we learn.

In the comments to explain the Law

In addition to the above laws, the latter has called a review of the law. In a review of what it is?

Pi-ni-form comments, 8 volumes (lost).

Ma-old prime-shake-a review, known as Tat-her-all multi-set of Pi-ni Ma-prime-shake-old, 10 volumes served by Save the Sangha-promotion-code translation.

Two comments are based on Tat-she-has necessarily need four additional property that explains the things in the law that created this review.

Review bias, or prejudice law is Pi-she-sa, 18 volumes by the Sangha Text-te-ma-promotion services. Essence of the law explained.

Tat-she-has called a review or Tat-she-has-Pi Pi-ni-she-sa, nine volumes, takes the name of the service, explain the law remains accompanied.

Comment Minh willow, also known as binary decimal binary clever touches Law review, a book by Tran-foot-base services, the core of the interpretation of the rules.

Two are attached to the amount of, or twenty-one of Theravada Buddhism.

The contents of the Vinaya

When it comes Vinaya is generally the year in the law and legal reasoning called organs.

The practice of law in India also make little difference. When the use of these teams, when they used the other, it sometimes seemed in the context of its differences. But depending on local circumstances, the international organizations can move the law school, so, when passing through China, said New Path To obtain a basis for the transmission of Law, the Group has used the four parts law, which developed into concrete Law Group is the enlightenment. From there, the law lecture, explain and spread very strong.

Vietnam so far we also applied the law to practice.

Content from the law

Four of the law, 60 books by Buddhist ruins-momentum-da-amnesty and Bamboo-Buddhist-service concept together, divided four parts.

Part one, consisting of twenty books: content specialist said about 250 of the monks.

The second part, consisting of sixteen books: the first nine books say it's about 348 monks-ni. Seven book follows the precepts prescribed, oral sex, safe housing, free gifts ...

Part three, ten two books: the provisions of the chapter followed by suicide, Mexican-how, medical, pharmaceutical, Casina y, occurs in the sentence-point-di, in Chiem-three, Kiet-ma-ha -charge, the people, on charges of viscera, reviews, breaking up, killing avoided, the measures Pi-ni and in France.

Part four, including eleven books: is the chapter on radioactivity, complex, contingent pressing compiler, compiler furniture department, which the Pi-ni, Pi-ni increased most.

In summary, the Code Four consists of two main parts:

(A) The first part talks about gender duty of monks-nuns and monks.

About a 250 of the monks have sex, monks and nuns, 348-gender. According to Nam transmitted Vinaya monks have 227 articles, monks and nuns, 311-thing. The thing that is different from sex, but other details, but the text remains the same.

(B) The second part talks about the enhancement of twenty (twenty chapters).

Life's Chapter: Presentations on the ordination.

Chapter's Theory: Notes on formal theory of gender.

An Residential Programs: Explanations about the meaning and settled.

Chapter Four Self: Talking about the meaning of self-quarter work.

Chapter Bi-way: The monks met for special circumstances of the type of leather used.

Chapter on Y: Demonstration by y and may use it.

Chapter on pharmaceuticals: Notes on how to take medicines to treat disease.

Chapter on Italy Casina (Kathina): Talk about how life Casina y and y discharge (y merit).

Chapter on what happened at The-point-di (Kosambi): Speaking of the monks argue about, and three types of election offenses: (1) Any election nominated as the offense has not found error that says, not guilty. (2) No election is appointed shop pleaded guilty to a crime that not repent. (3) reviews any discharge Evil Beet election is a crime that would not give bad reviews.

Chapter on what happened in the Chiem-three, talking about the kind of ma-Kiet as legal and illegal.

Chapter on Ha-charge: Speaking of Ha-seven regulatory authorities, ie 35 to which a guilty monks are not allowed to do.

Chapter says of him: Note brutal crime increase, while of the special residence permit unless agreed karma and shopping, shopping unlawful killing.

Chapter Phu Museum: In the first minister of the crime of extensive destruction of museums and crime.

Chapter on Price: Talk about how to prevent crime and appoint another person, when appointed to the five measures are: Tri times, honest, interests, needs fine, from the heart.

Chapter breaking up: In breaking up the crime.

Chapter kill to avoid: Talking about killing avoid Decor (seven kills controversy allowed).

Chapters on Ni: Speaking of nuns ordained gender theory.

Chapter on France: In the posture, the legal form of travel ... monks.

Chapter on Division: In the clinic room remodel embellishment.

Chapter magazine: Note all the chapters interspersed, and morality.

Attorney Act Statement in the "San additional option of up-ma" summarizes twenty ten programs.

Chapter practice law: In general the coast of failure of the legal Kiet-ma.

Chapter Links and disarmament

Life of the chapter's legal.

Chapter clothing, medicine, life maintenance, net theory.

The chapter's legal theory.

Chapter on them settle.

Four chapters of self.

Chapters on split jacket (Increase of deceased)

Chapter repentance of sins.

Chapter said the abbot of the essentials of Buddhism.

Only lead and work over

Discipline is more, but not out of two subjects: The effects over and over.

The charge is suspended, the suspension does not do evil. That rules about gender, it is about, the only charge.

Maintenance work is charitable, as the good news. News of the legal provisions Kiet-ma, which is the law, the maintenance work.

For example, the practice world over obligation is only preservation work twenty condition is over.

About obligation analysis

Why is it called About obligation? This is the principal's obligation, principal organs of the Law. About four of the increase is 250, with 350's of Ni. In addition to the gender duty also has a negative event-displacement Khandha word, which means the group, natural, chapter.

Gender analysis responsibilities included eight items, about 250, divided in seven natural and focused.

In heaven:

Ba-la-di is the fourth world.

Brutal sex with 13 Increase.

The three-land-30 discharge subject of vicious, vicious 90 single.

Re-amnesty-ni have 4 world.

Suddenly visceral-la-100-we learn, 7 killed avoided.

Fly from:

Ba-la-di.

Increase-over.

REC-spread-wealth.

Three soil-topic.

Re-amnesty-ni.

Ill-effects.

Theory of evil.

(6. And 7. The general called "dot-visceral-la")

In natural is shifting in that severity of my crime. Seven types of capacitors capacitors are based on computer crime and its causes. REC-lan-cost means of offense (multiply sin) of Ba-la-di, and up-disabled. Ill-effects of a misdemeanor of the body. Evil is a misdemeanor under the theory of goods.

Explain the four Ba-la-di

Four Ba-la-di : Ba-la-di, the molecule is Parajjka, translated as the Chi Tau - Rising up throwing them out. Ba-la-di guilty of four, are four in the crime, discarded, thrown away. Four counts of these questions as I walked out of the Sangha, so-called gas (discarded). This sin is called the head of injustice, ie not allowed to attend all the work of the increase. Professor Du-da-review-site for that as of this crime called Tha four wins - that this offense shall be Ma wins. Why? because the priest like a warrior that fights with four things: sorrow Ma, ma pronunciation, e-ma, ma natural. They hit with what weapon? They fought over by the rules. When a monk is not morality, not the precepts that the loser of four things that are so Ma wins. So of the four Ba-la-di also known as Tha of winning. Tha is another, more wins. Offenders than for others called Tha win. If this crime than Ma. In this criminal offense under the longer people have, yet inconclusive.

Interpretation of thirteen in the frequency

Thirteen Increase the disabled : the element is Samgha-vasena. Phonetics is the Sangha-her-thi-sa. Tau translated as "Rising brutal." Increase the frequency has two meanings:

The first definition : Discipline is the life of the Sangha. As of Ba-la-di regarded as completely dead. If breaking up is such a brutal death, but not necessarily dead, dying last time, if the emergency in time, meet me or good medicine can be saved.

Monday Definition : Committing this world if full twenty monks of the right legal Kiet-ma, for they repented they can destroy this crime should call up disabled. In the most fundamental property called We the teachers. They are up, education is education. We have teachers that twenty monks for education, for the last repent sins.

Explain the two real

The two uncertainties: the uncertainty Why is it called? For me it's definitely not Ba-la-di, or increase the frequency or three-soil-topic. It may be a Ba-la-di crime or crime in the frequency or three-soil-topic according to resident credit-she-di advantage, as you have faith laywomen pure solid, not certain so-called Real the. Two offenses about any sexual contact, but not contact other circles.

Explain thirty rotten Discharge

Thirty Discharge vicious crime : the element is Nissagiya-pacittiya. Three Ni-slap-term soil-problem is transcribed. Tau translated as "equanimity rotten."

Discharge and vicious crimes charges. Type of crime is only the monks, when supplies of the rotten that must be illegal. Want to repent that sin must be in between them or to discharge a person taking unauthorized items before after dusk.

In other words, when it comes to discharge vicious crime is possession of the monks, as y, bowls, coordinates ... not specific procedures they must do legal work permits for discharge of material discharged offense, containing psychology harboring or storing property to avoid vicious animal communication, it consists of about thirty. Who should take the product of material between the increase was from four or more prior to discharge and for a bhikkhu to say I repent and ask.

Interpretation of soil three ninety-topic

Three soil-topic (pacittiya). Vessels is "Application rotten." It is related to the misdemeanor false speech, deliberately killing insects, along with the general female secretions sugar etc. ... includes ninety single vicious crime is not nothing to do all things. Pham is being threatened to quit, no discharge, so-called single rotten.

Explain the legal exchange of four

Four legal repentance. Ba-la-to de-amnesty-ni (Patidesanniya), Tau translated as "How to be asked." This offender towards an other monks, stating their wrongdoings and ask for repentance. Bottom line is small sin, can repent, who committed a crime can be said other monks would repent.

Explain the legal one hundred Studies

One hundred legal transliterated Sanskrit Learning self-consciousness is clear-ca-la-ni (Sikkha Karaniya). Tau translated means "learning". We learn that the legal measures needed to learn. As the daily activities, the small posture .... This is mainly to blame ourselves. This is petty crime, but very hard to keep crime to commit. Upon learning of the blame taken to repent, promise next time not to relapse is sufficient.

Explain the seven Removal avoid

Avoid legal Kills Seven, Sanskrit is Adhika-ramasama-thaadharmah. Tau translated "exterminate avoid legal." That seven treatments guilty or seven ways to end the controversy between them increase. Committing 100 7 Removal and learning methods to avoid the fetters-la-I burned, just interested in the concept of penance, study, is sufficient.

As for monks-nuns, Buddhist preference over:

Ba-la-di is not four but eight.

Increase the frequency that is not thirteen of seventeen.

Drain equally vicious.

Application ninety rotten but not 178.

Repentance is not four but eight.

One hundred and learn the same methods.

Plus all the 348's. And yet, he was awarded life-Ni Buddhism for more. Especially with the glass Ni legal, but increase the uncertainty is binary, and Ni are not. Thus Ni than eight, more than doubled. Ni, the magnetic force is contingent nature.

(From the "General Essentials About the Law", Saigon, 1996).END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).28/7/2011.

MAJESTY -THE MONKS OF TE HANH.

Ordained whatsoever is in place Tong Lam, monasteries, living lives of virtues, moral habit has life laws, maintain economic well-posture themselves as dignified, under glass on giving, loving people.

Since Ni is the mass increase represents significant purification, always uphold the moral behavior of the renouncer, worthy monks of all didactic, exemplary level of four we, being toward liberation death. So is not the level of perfection, full of fine should be expressed through the method selected from the Buddha's teaching practices such as Mindfulness Buddhism - Notes or Location Tri Thien.

Initial lessons of direct and nuns mind very strongly and respectful nobility he should be admitted, for the apprentice to teach very cordial. Walking, sitting, lying, speak, my questions, offering amnesty, eating, sleeping all the subjects of meditation and unstructured. After being ordained, then he shaved hair or their predecessors taught, type opening, ring, open shelves for proper prayer ritual language, tells us Ty Ni, posture, budget landscape.

If you want to see more depth and nuns were allowed to the school teacher of Buddhism. When in the schools, monks must follow the old school and class. Numerous previous teacher monks neutral after, when his school teacher before the next. During the school if the nuns turned horizontal, vertical look or talk, etc. ... not listening teaching shall be a reminder of the supervisor. Once ordained the world have e-board monitor, remind the faults, the typical holiday present time only kneel, when to bow. Settle down the rules and visceral sound more strict rules will bring peace to his victory over enemies.

From primary care to adult education director, monks we have gone through the ups and downs of life, pleasures are, fortunately, also monks and nuns have always helped with the drive, care and support, carrying cover of the supreme teacher, kim moral superiority.

Stock usually teach virtue: Tiger Tiger paint cup defeat, monks and nuns ly them over. Therefore, the monks decided to set up well and the total forest chapel, monastery as a place of dignified calm, where the practice of monastic disciple of the Buddha, is the upstream direction of the Buddha, meditating over the notes or, is the enlightenment of the Sages, where opinions nature of the Founder, the predecessor of our Master The decade from 20 to 30 of the last century (XX) stand revive Dharma, beings also benefit from here, is where an established network of family practitioners should each have to decide whether approval body vows to lose no leaving this place. If you leave the forest Tong, Tu, Institute for the well wish her side, press up and decide one's own beginning, shall be drawn in green karma path of reincarnation. Because here are the intelligentsia of comprehend the method of cultivation guides, passed on to the monks we achieve wisdom about the network itself is trained Tang, Ni have enough talent and virtue, pious solemnity to bear carrying the Buddha, all beings benefit.

For example, in-ground gold ore was mined but not because of longer and spend more impurities, to undergo annealing time, filtered to remove all impurities are new to it. If closed or throwing them away anywhere is pure gold.

Also, the monks began to recite the Buddha is also more complex mental disorders been the case, greed, hatred and delusion, chronic, suspect, bad reviews. etc. ... be removed only good thoughts, the mind or respect, generosity, offerings, humble people. Walking, sitting, lying constant uninterrupted nembutsu is reached where any disorder of mind, dwell in mindfulness, more depth, the dose will reach the heart.

Monks and nuns are responsible pay. Walking, lying down, sitting without interruption, the mind, that is respectively, and prayers are like that, the benefit of beings. If further progress is also touches the heart.

Meditating monks and nuns have always initiate early dialogue, love, all suspected thoughts will decrease gradually. The lady was intensely they thought would love to block, cut off all hope notion, suddenly suspected broken the love is nature itself, clear lens yourself to master yourself, to go in order.

Even Buddha, meditating over the notes or willow are to reach the heart. Since the lens is clear or cure heart own mind, the new birth and death are part are free. Because of meticulous cultivation efforts should be monks dwell in mindfulness. So the rule is not violated, should:

- Body when you are upright, his eyes looked like two sides glance, laid himself at.

- Stand the stately, ornamental vacuum, high side, low side, arms akimbo not.

- Sit back straight, head just is not leaning forward, the horse behind, no bundle of pillows to sit, not hang diagonal, horizontal guard, guard on the table, nor refuge anywhere.

- Located in the visceral wall, tilted to the right and always wrong time.

- Import not false speech, weave despite a very small, let alone smiled or said with a laugh, always say in a calm gentle with people, say true Dhamma makes people believe Tam glass Bao, monastic vows.

- Italy often see their error - not seeing the error, do not despise the direct primary psychoanalysis. As always mindful.

Because of forest life, temples, shifting the masses, all activities are in the meditation subject that the bar provided. The departments, it does bar them now, who has four parts.

- Hours elaborate: when listening to orders, without delay, measures for economic gently dignified behavior, chanting, Buddha, maintain focus, meditate always in harmony with the international mass actions, the walking legs step is gently straight unfortunate fact.

- Time-life son: pull up chairs and no noise is a fact well, not eating them is the economic offensive behavior, not brandishing dishes, food, and filled the unfortunate fact.

- Now only: sleep, time is of both economic behavior, no single disorder, noise next to the unfortunate fact.

- Now washing and hygiene: personal activities respect international glass to give people a happy, do not flush the water washing noise in the bathroom, the bathroom is a happy fact. Leaving the bathroom, the bathroom clean is unfortunate fact. Drying clothes do not wish the map was dry beside the unfortunate fact. Said saving water is permanent items of economic behavior.

Being in public life, close to the good level of knowledge in Master prompts monks were moral life, respect for rules bar help us grow monks pious solemnity, majesty economic well-being integrity. In contracts with legs like, well outside the show's presentation of renunciation.

When causes and conditions that meet society discretionary teaching experience, as chief legal theory, charitable activities to benefit beings, are all admired posture, economic well-child of the monks they will return to refuge Jewels, upholding the law that was long.

So monks saved the holy father is the law on life and down, as peaceful beings. Buddhism is flourishing tomorrow or not! both rely on young monks at speaking, the pure, micro-artifact construction, repair or maintain silence as dharma. On the possible rewards are four heavy grace - Below are three ways to help the suffering.

Last month fast if not of well-rounded, once lost body was rotten then lost in the browse map like life is hard, the monks make efforts to reduce the elaborate crystal, the majesty, economic well-presented self-evident mind always dwells in mindfulness would be freed on enlightenment. If not then we are only monks who betrayed his own behavior as well as abuse of the noble voluntary renunciation.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).28/12/2011.

IN SUMMARY BUDDHIST VINAYA.

When the Buddha in the world ...
Once Xa Ton-profit-waving author said to the Buddha: "Sir! After passing the Tathagata, how can the Tathagata Dharma is lasting? "
Exalted says: "The Buddha said there is talk about methods by which the disciples to practice, making the Dhamma is the head long after passing the Tathagata."
Then Xa-profit-waving said, "White Exalted! Why do not you see he's saying only legal institutions?
He tells us: "Hey Ton fake! We know what to do time. Far less than the world should we not prepared. When the increase because they have the fame, as contraband property occurs, the Tathagata's new regulations. "
Thus, during the first 12 years after the Buddha attained enlightenment, he's not theory. By the 13th year, compounded gonorrhea occur, mistakes began to happen in our monks ... Based on the Buddha's new regulations. As the patched clothes, never patch on the seat is not torn. Buddha never defined before this, or other prohibited things when His disciples did not really do anything wrong with Qingdao. Thus showing that Buddhist institutional world is not to tie his disciples, but because the path to freedom and to prevent the sangha of corruption.
Buddhist precepts, including home and renunciation. At Five in a gender, the son's Bat, Cross charity (ten men). Renunciation is the world's 10 novice and novice nuns. Ma ni deleted form the school's six more. 250 monks have sex. 348 monks and nuns have sex. Bodhisattva is a major 10's and 48's contempt for both export and home country.
For the purpose of preventing acts of evil, of the Buddhist precepts established in the spirit "of custom processing options", so it's not bound by dogma. So the meaning of the rule is clear:
ABOUT: Sila is Pali language, the Test is transcribed, that is prohibited by the Buddha to his disciples regulatory Buddha used to prevent the sin of the three industry. Therefore, GENDER is defined as:
- Room only non-evil : Prevent wrong, stop the evil.
- Special release Hold the world does, that freedom is about.
- Made Made free : Where the rules are followed, the place that life is serene.
- Depending upon release : How about the path of liberation.
- Bar food : Make your life cool and comfortable.
- Manage : Having the capability to control the bad, evil.
LAW: Sanskrit is the Vinaya, transliterated as Pi-complaints-da, said compact is Pi-ni. Is translated to (tame, photography recovery) or kill (kill evil). Law is the rule by Buddhist monks regulations for application of the collective life of the sangha.
In short, About the commandments, the Law is the law enforcement world. Law also includes both the world is only part of the law. But how different call but the nature of capital should the transplant is called science.
Discipline consists of several types:
1. About sravakas This is the part about the goods, whose functions can help preserve the peaceful monks and develop harmony Sangha, including the following:
+ Application:
- Only maintenance : Do not do evil that is practiced. It's just the type of the monks, Bhikkhuni
- Work shall : Implementation of the regulations is Buddhist practice. This is just for the event, the law that Bill.
+ Features:
- Nature's : The nature of the work. That means that if the violation is guilty.
- Price's : What to prohibit off to commit felonies.
+ Size: About divided into four categories:
- About Legal: What is regulated by the Buddha
- Introduction to : All of the world. About this time arising ordained if they meet three factors: About the extremities, about the purity and dignified world now.
- About unfortunate: The behavior of three current professional activities out in accordance with the teaching.
- Gender Minister: The general state of the world.
Usually the division's lawyers brought by the monks, monks and nuns gathered into five natural 7.
- In natural : 1/Thien Ba-la-di. 2/Thien Sangha-her-thi-sa. 3/Thien three soil-topic, 4/Thien Cartesian amnesty-ni. Suddenly 5/Thien sand-la.
- Seven convergence : 1/Tu Ba-la-di. 2 / Capacitor Sangha-her-thi-sa. 3/Tu REC-spread-wealth. 4/Tu three soil-topic. Cartesian 5/Tu amnesty-ni. 6/Tu crime-effects. 7/Tu crime theory.
There are also divided over the name:
- Opening: Open.
- Price: Prevent back.
- Maintenance: Compliance.
- Committing the violation.
- Name: The name of the world.
- Catalog: Catalog of the world.
- Nature: The nature of the world.
- General: General state of the world.
2. Bodhisattva Precepts: About this so-called information gender, both at home and in the same practice applied to achieve the Bodhi mind, also has the following characteristics:
+ Features: Is divided into three types known as Tam's magnetism. They are:
- Photographer's law Comfort: About depart evil (May end to the evil).
- Dhamma Photography Men: About the charity (May do what is good).
- Many useful sex sex: Gender benefit others (May to benefit all sentient beings).
+ Contempt and weight : 10's and 48's critical contempt.
+ Application : Divided into two categories:
- The stem's : Do religious meditation, body and mind naturally pure, complete virtue, that is, people who meditate arises when effective, does not need to keep living world that is consistent with the legal world.
- Director's stem : From beginners pirated intellectual career arises, without having ordained the world still lives in accordance with law.
Also there are regulations about the Buddha's Special and The World.
- Special World : As the world's goods novice in the 10's, about 250 monks ... and the world of home goods is 5 world.
- The World : A Bodhisattva who's life was.
3. About home : According to the principles of Buddhism, to become a Buddhist, asked people to play center received three legal y (y The Three Jewels are the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha) and practice the five precepts.
- The Five Precepts This is the first step of the practice of Buddhism, but also family and home must comply. Because men are basically moral people, is the basic virtues of morality, a bridge leads to bliss of Nibbana. It is also a factor to build the foundation for personal happiness, family and society. The Five Precepts are:
1. Do not kill.
2. Do not steal.
3. Do not adultery
4. Do not lie.
5. Do not drink alcohol.
In this world were recorded in all economic advantage-she-rule 128 of the Central Business A and Ham was the Buddha summarized the benefits of life over the years about the following verse:
"He lived at home position,
Seeing fear hell,
As life expectancy over the Holy Justice,
Put away all evil.
Not being murdered,
Know it or leave,
Truth do not lie,
No stealing of others,
Tri-sufficient with their accessories,
No one who lost his wife,
Get rid of alcohol,
Mental disturbances si crazy original.
It is recommended that primary sensory memory,
Think of the good law,
Increased memory, consistent precepts,
So be happy ... "
- Ten World : On the fundamentals of the five precepts, which also acts on y (itself), language (gate), psychological (mind) that the Buddha has established good practices Ten (10 men) to improve the living spiritual, moral sense of Buddhists. Cross charity is:
+ Body : Yes 3: No killing, no stealing, no sexual misconduct.
+ Trade : Yes 4: Do not tell lies, double-dimensional grid, not to say cruel, not to say frivolous.
+ Y : Yes 3: No greed, no hatred, no ignorance.
- Bat the boy's To create conditions for electrical goods Buddhists priests ordained set in a 24 hour day night, the Buddha taught about life maintenance 8. Of these, five world's first row at home, except for the 3rd world is not changed to lust; 3 only after the equivalent of about Sa di (part of the goods) is not large bed beautiful high , no makeup, apply perfume and dance or watch dance, not to eat non-time.
In general, the Buddha's no mechanism in addition to bringing peace in the present life and future for those who practice the application. No distinction is made in or in part, if smart will strictly maintain the rules are the following benefits:
1. The moral would have been entitled to legal protection fortune through diligent.
2. The person is of good moral remote station.
3. The moral is not afraid to shy when crowded congregation.
4. People with moral death not mind disorder.
5. The moral is common after the network was born of good fun, natural world.
Advertise in the law (just for all the organs in the Law Law) have talked about the benefits of 10 is:
1. Photography for the Sangha.
2. Thorough photography to increase them.
3. To make them happy.
4. Photography for those who do not feel ashamed.
5. Making sense of shame who reside peacefully.
6. Makes those who do not believe that they trust.
7. Cause those who believe increased confidence.
8. Making illegal or legal termination of all right now.
9. Help the contraband or the unborn could not arise.
10. Help the Dharma is lasting.
Thus, discipline is the foundation for the perfect fake personality, clean body and mind, relieve suffering, build sangha, except take all defilements. Those who eagerly accept the morality of law, is to preserve the peace and happiness for themselves and others in the present and future. Conversely, people who do not strictly obey the rules are themselves sources of harm to her happiness.
On the rule over life, in business Anguttara II, Chapter 7 France, the Buddha has taught: "Knowing violations, said non-infringement, that of light, that of heavy, rule, come alive with the world dominated by duty, full majesty right behavior, fear of minor errors, accept and study of legal education, certification is not difficult, no fatigue, no energy cost for the four rooftop Zen Center, currently residing communications, except the defilements, position themselves to win in the hieh now, evidence treatment, care of pirated Radio reaches liberation. This achievement called seven people over the law. "
In short, to protect the purity of the Order dignified, to preserve the essence of the monks as well as to establish a life for human security, the Buddha has expressed reservations about discipline. About the power law is an end to Kamma, in the way of birth and death business. Not only in the future but in the present life, if we obey the precepts strictly legal care, life will be peaceful, relaxed body and mind always.
However, it should understand the true meaning of discipline is not only to prevent all evil but also in the ability to do good. That is in addition to "just evil", the positive aspects of the rule is "good work".
Therefore, a disciple of the Buddha we must reflect its role. For export case must "Supreme Buddha for guidance, the lower being of" legal protection to preserve fortune to propagate the Dhamma. For Buddhists, the holder parallel to the Three Jewels, the Buddhist way of life must be the model of home goods, thus contributing to building a happy family and a civilized society.
Tam Chon
END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).28/12/2011.

ABOUT THE LAW OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OR COMMUNICATION?

In the mortal words of the book Four instructions obligation to like, Lawyer Hoang Tan (1611-1685) said: "Three Buddhas question the theory of Kinh-Luan Zang St. Law-teachers. Sensitive organ function through texts at home, renunciation, only one organ Law Bhikkhu lead poisoning, as king of Belgium by the non-bonded investment. Cons novice, mae money counterfeiting, any permanent ordination, team offense against the listed data. I think the messenger carefully ". Translation: "Buddhas of the three teachers say the three organs of St. Law-Business-Reviews. Two organs Kinh-Luan whole home, renunciation, own Vinaya only Bhikkhu kept as secret organ of the king, the bonded goods are not known. If a novice, but mae preview, then permanently ordained, guilty of five charges against the horizontal. It is the person he must be very careful. "
This idea probably originated Lawyer Hoang Chau (1532-1612) in his book Law novice: "Any enlightened listeners about the Great Sa subject theory".
In fact, the question of his warning is to remind Chau Hoang Sa di not been tapped as Bhikkhu's proceedings, because eavesdropping is misconduct. Because novice insufficient legal status of a true monk should not be allowed to participate in key activities of the Great rose up as the ghost, the bodhisattva, suicide etc. ... If not residential sufficiency that robe coat, crept into the ranks Bhikkhu, attended the listing method that, the bodhisattva, the sin of suicide attackers residence (in the Sangha to theft measures), the following are not ordained, Bhikkhu or gender. Therefore, the increase of money to conduct the first (initial procedure), the Bill that he should ask the Sangha, "He has not ordained that yet?". And they are certified in up no one is ordained, then proceed up the legal code listing.
Thus, this job is legitimate and what is intended to prevent people do not fully ordained Bhikkhu view of the legal world? But not for the novice, mae attend Potash is a reason. At Buddha in the world, announced one day slapping monks, have attended a white y, then, a guilty Bhikkhu, who mae this crime Bhikkhu went nuts. The Bhikkhu that the transparency associated with the Buddha, the Buddha taught: "From now on health should not be transparent and novice participants announced slap" (Five of the law, D.22, tr.123a).
Comes from the Buddha's teaching on this that remind him Chau Hoang Sa di not be tapped Bhikkhu's proceedings. But if a novice so eager to learn, willingness to proceed tu, he cheered: "Weak ad parodying the show, order or browse all messages Vinaya" (If you want a broad understanding, you should see the whole Vinaya). And the other a novice in the law, he recommended: "Although the Bhikkhu, the Sa di or tri chi" (This is the ratio of the monks, but a novice should also attend to know). Thus, suppose the view of Zhou Huang lawyer too well, but still have the case assumption as he Hoang Tan. Then from his opinion Hoang Tan, someone commentary, mentioned three reasons:
1 - If a novice preview Bhikkhu precepts and law that's too much trouble, would rot lost consciousness, dare not ordained.
2 - If the novice precepts Bhikkhu said, when they saw ordained monks and preserve without serious destruction of forbidden sex, they will consciousness arrogance, contempt for monks, so will damage blessed , lost.
3 - When you already know about it at law ordained that no sacred world, the mind will release the decline may be difficult to attain gender.
He heard the argument seems reasonable, but careful examination is completely wrong. For the reasons: First, not perhaps the person who ordained all the weakness or so that all "law that's more rotten lost consciousness"; Monday, probably those who ordained that the poor quality, transmitted by the hair trace, whenever "bhikkhus transgression consciousness immediately scorned"; Tuesday, gender prime's death may be due to three things: "The serene, dignified and deft About extremities to ", but where to ask about death does not know about the rules that can attain?
Indeed in many ways the argument away from the spirit world where law and rules. Everyone knows he Qui Son (771-833) defines the renouncer: "For whatsoever is ordained that would take broad steps to the high horizon, shape and other than the secular mind. For the purpose of the holy radiance, that military suppression, alarm response and saving grace of four three worlds ". And the ancient moral order also said: "The upper non-draft free agency macho, explore the galaxy power?" (In this world, if not a macho college degree free, how to undertake floating "ceramic face of the ceiling? ").
Besides teaching the Law, upon receipt of the student teacher to choose those who ordained: the shape of the six units must be complete, do not have a disability, the soul must be a monastic benefactors, have the courage any rot resilient, not everyone is ordained. Spring folk songs so that we have a saying "In the new filter trick ten bald head."
Yes, because thanks to preview a novice should know about law is the use of gender as "room only non-evil", is "sending ships through the sea of ​​misery", and they thirst threshold newborn care, look forward to the territory legal world. When you understand the rules, it is difficult to see that the Bhikkhu is followed strictly, they are growing more respectful attention, but how dare despise? On the other hand, when the monks knew that everyone knows the rules has led his life, the more efforts to upholding the lung did not dare let go, for fear of criticism galaxy.
Practical experience shows that the Southern countries such as Cambodia, Thailand ..., everyone knows Buddhist Bhikkhu precepts of honor and they are monks, but never dare criticize. Thanks to know the rules so they can seek to facilitate and support the greater good lawyer to keep. Current status in the city have predators gold robes to go begging to hurt Buddhism. If Buddhists know the rules, surely they would boycott and find ways to prevent illegal behavior of the class person, to preserve the purity of religion.
In this issue again, Vinaya affordable is the key organ for the bhikkhus, the other we have known? Confirmed so it is baseless, unfounded and completely contrary to fact. Because in this world for Buddhists as well as a novice, there is no prohibition about what they learn about all obligations of the Bhikkhu. Intended that only about 250 monks life, and the 348's life Bhikshuni new legal duty to comply with their gender, while others have no right to force them to comply. It is about responsibility for, and the market demand, find out in good faith towards the upper right, who also studied Bhikkhu precepts without violating any of these terms.
Assuming an association that calls us to join, and then said rules and regulations, the peace of mind if we join the association or suspicion that something shady, illegal? According to common sense, whose mind every time you join a certain organization to get to the bottom of the charter of the organization was then involved. It is a job and have a reasonable scientific spirit.

Moreover, Buddhism is the director of communications, not esoteric, Is a mental rather than dogmatic, much less accept fanaticism. The Buddha has rejected the monopoly of Brahmins that only Brahman clergy have the right to read the Holy Vedas. Buddha also taught: "Believe me that I do not understand, ie defame me." And another said, "preach the Dharma is like the open hand, not hand holding back." Or say: "Buddhism is practical at present, beyond time, came to the show, is the intellectual enlightenment." General shall also speak to the spirit of openness, generosity, freedom of thought and respect for the truth of the intellectual direction only.
Moreover, it is silver in some scriptures that mention gender Bhikkhu; as economic heresy, Buddha Bhikkhu not be traded barter, not purchase of houses and fields, not digging, chopping trees are not considered days, physiognomy, etc. ... So all that's all, nothing other than where. Besides today's classics, the rule is printed, widely circulated, everyone is free to read, how we view sex ban to be.
Moreover, the price of my father as he left a testament to us in which to live with human morality, almost became a useful, valuable, and we check that the church cellar, not knowing which says nothing, then try to get a behavior that is respectful or disrespectful of their ancestors?
Everyone knows that the nature of the rule is "bar food", that is cool, is "particularly special release", ie retain the freedom that was it, so that sure that "someone's preview Bhikkhu criminal law is equally active against crime ", the real world do not speak any more! Thus no part of the book is a law of cultural works or how harmful? Speaking style was just looking at the problem in a very one-sided and misleading. Indeed, if many people understand the boundaries of law, society would probably be better off, and the crimes happen every day we have to make sure hurt will be reduced not less.
Brushing Xien positive merit of his law school Hoang Tan is respectable, we did not dare look down, but if told to believe in absolute, not a thorough understanding, we can not accept, because it left quite in the spirit of Buddhist learning. Buddha said: "When you hear something, you do not rush to dismiss, and do not rush right message, whether it's sacred scriptures."
Try asking, since Germany's Teacher processing, through to The Legend of The Organization Hoang Chau (1532-1612), the rule is pure, most are, there is nothing to wonder, when he Hoang Tan (1611-1685) To Chau Hoang appeared after nearly a century, given a sentence make people confused, how can we not be pressing for?
Therefore, we venture to raise the issue here is the trade body will accomplish two objectives: one is expected to be somewhat reassuring confusion of youth monks classes, especially those in emerging, Great sex is not life; Monday is for those eager to learn about law can properly perceive spiritual sense rules that General who has taught compassion. So absolutely no idea his critic Hoang Tan here. However, we also look forward to visiting religious market levels sufficient high intelligent lawyer, and hopefully get the attention of the teacher only if there is more wrong.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).28/12/2011.

TEN OF THE MONASTIC MIND.MONKS AND NUNS ONLY.( BEGINNER ).

 

Thien Tam

In the Anguttara business, said a short prayer of ten measures that the Buddha advised the renunciation must always encourages self-observation on the way towards liberation ethical practice.
This is an important economic with renunciation, since experience shows that the content authentic portrait of the monastic, that is a luoh always thought, concern and how ambition worthy renouncer as Buddha's teaching. The discourses contain brief, concise, easy to remember, easy to memorize, very handy for regular monastic contemplation and application in daily life practice. Originally Buddha's words: "Behold monks, ten this, the renunciation must always observe. What is salt?

1. The renunciation must always observe: "I went to this situation is no class."
2. The renunciation must always observe: "Our life depends on others."
3. The renunciation must always observe: "Nay gesture of our posture must change."
4. The renunciation must always observe: "Not knowing self can criticize us about morality?" Section.
5. The renunciation must always observe: "Do not know the dignity of a place, after learning, have criticized us about morality?" Section.
6. The renunciation must always observe the "nothing to love, to our mind was changed, with variable damage."
7. The renunciation must always observe: "I am the owner of the business, the legacy of the industry, the industry is thai organ, is the son of her career, a place of business specified direction; flesh what we will do business, improving or bad, we'll admit themselves that business. "
8. The renunciation must always observe: "The family went with us and now we have the How".
9. The renunciation must always observe: "I have joy in the empty house or not?".
10. 10. The renunciation must always observe: "I have been the law of merchants, knowledge of significant wins xunhang no saint, so to the last day, the same qualities have questions, we will have no shame ? ".

This monks, ten this, the renunciation must always observe. "
Ten or eleven legal mind on the compass for life gain access to advance ethical and spiritual emancipation of the people of in. French first comes to the ideal "no class" of renunciation. The country has made ​​"sand love from family," ethnic identity separate from the world as well as all parties and social organizations, have become of the world; thus no longer stand in the ranks of the secular, not on stage level or parties in society. "No class is the policy of the Buddha's unique flow from the realization of his real-self and so it becomes an ideal experiment for all members of the Sangha. Buddha advised the monks to practice equality and center director said his Vietnamese super class or gender . "For example, this Paharada, flesh with major rivers like Ganga, Yamuna river, the river Aciravati, Sarabhu River, Mahi river, the river that flows to the sea, immediately remove the old name became a great sea. Also, this Paharada, there are four classes: Police stand-ly-, Ba-la-subject, Phe-amnesty, Prime-momentum, after leaving my family, ordained in France and the Law is declared unto me, they give their name and their advance, and they became the favorite subject Sa-e " . This is a noble mind that young people in need of care to limit the consequences of earthly problems, remove the sense of reclining chronic, perform mental liberation, equality, self, regardless of self and others. France Monday to talk about the lives of renunciation. The country needs to implement open xuato livelihood, avoid living in the professional inadequacy, to place ourselves in relation to other people by accepting the basics of life the dead, fed by faith and family network generosity of people. This is a great mind that the Buddha advised the renouncer should apply to determine their target practice, practice patience unfortunate, difficult moral commitments, and foster appreciation, and responsible attitude to life. France Tuesday discussed the posture or gesture of renunciation style. The ordained need to practice and demonstrate an easygoing demeanor and decency in their daily activities, avoiding the pop-off and the current crude indecent minister. It is our hope to help shape the monastic practice and perfect as his enlightenment. France Wednesday stressed the virtue or moral conduct of the renouncer. The monastic life and behave in the Buddhist precepts, thereby requiring regular scrutiny of their life in accordance with the provisions of the rule or not to draft and self-control efforts. Center this year, which may help to promote the psychological part of himself with his infamous (eight) in case of mistakes or missed duonh culture feel ashamed of the body as evil, speak evil mouth, evil thoughts to improve the moral life. France Thursday stressed the virtue of renunciation. In addition to introspect about their own behavior for timely editing, people in need of psychological care practitioners fear the book will rebuke his sorrow about morality. These people help care for the promotion of family psychology of shame with (you) or frighten other people would rebuke her for the evil acts to prevent the avoidance of mistakes in life practice. France Friday prompted to save the renunciation of the law of impermanence. The renunciation must recognize the truth of impermanence of all things pass variables to overcome favorite psychological attachment and tons of practice information. It is our hope to assist in the development of awareness and capacity to let go of craving attention. France Saturday stressed professional or intentional acts of the determinants of the fate of suffering or happiness of others. The ordained need to understand the doctrine of karma (kamma) or volition (Cetana) to guide their practice career. Buddhism refers to three kinds of good business, evil, evil has improved recently and the corresponding results to help people live the kind huonh cuocc improve its law of cause and effect, and said Wednesday the type of business can nanhang of keeping people out of pain causation, that is willed (Cetana) or the determination to overcome or get all of the good, evil, evil has improved both in cause and effect cycle of reincarnation. It is our hope to assist in the orientation of the moral life of their own good kind, on the other hand express and responsibility for items tiei liberation of self. French eighth reminder of the renouncer ardent effort in the life of learning. Renouncer should identify each moment passed constantly in their lives to diligently practice efforts to achieve the progress on the way to practice religious freedom. Center this year, which may help to promote their renunciation ardent tunh diligently to complete the steps of their target practice or the Buddha's saying is "let's eager ardent practice to attain what is attainment, not realizing what enlightenment, what is not evidence of achieving satisfactory ". French ninth note of renunciation of the focus of the practice of religious freedom. PAHO renouncer should identify the target of his practice is to rid all fetters and defilements, experimental mind liberation, liberating wisdom. To do so, the objective must practice meditation, intellectual development. Since only meditation and wisdom are capable of helping the country achieve the goal of liberating enlightenment. So mind reminds ninth renouncer should practice meditation diligently, and found joy in the life of meditation. "Empty House" (sunnagara) in the context of discourse implies dedicated meditation or meditation. In the Pali scriptures, the Buddha often recommends prompt: "Behold monks, this is the tree, this is the empty house. Let's meditate, do not have free land, to have regrets later " . This is the advice of the Buddha helps focus the attention on the part of the goal of liberation, for all experimental priority for mental liberation, liberation through the subject property practice. French tenth said the results of the purpose of meditation or practice of renunciation. Through dedicated practice of meditation that is part of the law merchant, knowledge worthy saint wins, goal achievement of the practice. The term "the law merchant, won wisdom worthy saint enemy" mentioned in the text implies the attainment of the empirical or moral sphere, invisible world, thought to destroy life, except for sexual orientation to the counterfeit, pirated property, ignorance illegally, attained liberation or meditation experience profile, sensitive meditation, moral, charitable, Student Achievement Network thanhh intelligent, smart third eye, make counterfeit cards, attained the status of A-la -drought, born of suffering and death. It is our hope to help identify who ordained responsibility to liberate themselves, determined to fulfill his goal of learning in this life.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ). OM MANI PADME HUM.( 3 TIMES ). TSERING DOLMA,TASHI ( AMBER ). TAM NHU 1, LE VINH.8/12/2011.

Outline of the discussion

1. manifestation

Bi sexual

Homosexual

desire - materials - discharge of eneregy


2. Hidden facts

possession

materials

selfish desire


3. Nature

4. Killing

5. Craving into Sex
6. Attachment

7. Rebirth - Reincarnation



Third Precept

Most religions have rigid, elaborate rules about sexual conduct. Buddhists have the Third Precept -- in Pali, Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami -- which is most commonly translated "Do not indulge in sexual misconduct" or "Do not misuse sex." However, for laypeople, the early scriptures are hazy about what constitutes "sexual misconduct."

Monastic Rules

Monks and nuns, of course, follow the many rules of the Vinaya-pitaka section of the Pali Canon. For example, monks and nuns who engage in sexual intercourse are "defeated" and are expelled automatically from the order. If a monk makes sexually suggestive comments to a woman, the community of monks must meet and address the transgression. A monk should avoid even the appearance of impropriety by being alone with a woman. Nuns may not allow men to touch, rub or fondle them anywhere between the collar-bone and the knees.

Clerics of most schools of Buddhism in Asia continue to follow the Vinaya-pitaka, with the exception of Japan.

Shinran Shonin (1173-1262), founder of the Jodo Shinshu school of Japanese Pure Land, married, and he authorized Jodo Shinshu priests to marry. In the centuries that followed, the marriage of Japanese Buddhist monks may not have been the rule, but it was a not-infrequent exception.

In 1872, the Meiji government decreed that Buddhist monks and priests (but not nuns) should be free to marry if they chose to do so. Soon "temple families" became commonplace (they had existed before the decree, actually, but people pretended not to notice) and the administration of temples and monasteries often became family businesses, handed down from fathers to sons. In Japan today -- and in schools of Buddhism imported to the West from Japan -- the issue of monastic celibacy is decided differently from sect to sect and from monk to monk.

Living the Precepts
Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami,
"I undertake the course of training in refraining from wrong-doing in respect of sensuality."



First, the precepts are not commandments. They are undertaken as a personal commitment to Buddhist practice. Falling short is unskillful (akusala) but not sinful -- there is no God to sin against.

Further, the precepts are principles, not rules. It's up to us to decide how to apply the principles. This takes a greater degree of discipline and self-honesty than the legalistic, "just follow the rules and don't ask questions" approach to ethics. The Buddha said "be a lamp onto yourself." He taught how to use our own judgments about religious and moral teachings.

The third of the Five Precepts undertaken by lay Buddhists runs: Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami, "I undertake the course of training in refraining from wrong-doing in respect of sensuality." Some lay people who, usually for a specified period, undertake more than the usual five precepts, take this one in the stricter form:Abrahmacariya veramani..., which commits them, for the duration of the undertaking, to observe the same restraint as the monks. With these, too, we are not further concerned, as their position is now obvious.

For the average lay person, the Third Precept is on exactly the same footing as the other four. There is, in the Buddhist view, nothing uniquely wicked about sexual offenses or failings. Those inclined to develop a guilt-complex about their sex-life should realize that failure in this respect is neither more, nor, on the other hand, less serious than failure to live up to any other precept. In point of fact, the most difficult precept of all for nearly everybody to live up to is the fourth — to refrain from all forms of wrong speech (which often includes uncharitable comments on other people's real or alleged sexual failings!).

What precisely, then, does the Third Precept imply for the ordinary lay Buddhist? Firstly, in common with all the other precepts, it is a rule of training. It is not a "commandment" from God, the Buddha, or anyone else saying: "Thou shalt not..." There are no such commandments in Buddhism. It is an undertaking by you to yourself, to do your best to observe a certain type of restraint, because you understand that it is a good thing to do. This must be clearly understood. If you don't think it is a good thing to do, you should not undertake it. If you do think it is a good thing to do, but doubt your ability to keep it, you should do your best, and probably, you can get some help and instruction to make it easier. If you feel it is a good thing to attempt to tread the Buddhist path, you may undertake this and the other precepts, with sincerity, in this spirit.

Secondly, what is the scope and purpose of this precept? The word kama means in Pali "sensual desire," which is not exclusively sexual. It is here used in a plural form which comes close to what is meant by the Biblical expression "the lusts of the flesh." Greed for food and other sensual pleasure is also included. Most people who are strongly addicted to sexual indulgence are also much drawn to other sense-pleasures. Though we are here only concerned with the sexual aspect, this point should be noted. For those with any grasp at all of Buddhist principles, the basic reason for such an injunction should be immediately obvious. Our dukkha — our feeling, of frustration and dissatisfaction with life — is rooted in our desires and cravings. The more these can be brought under control, the less dukkha we shall experience. It is as simple as that. But of course, that which is simple is not necessarily easy.

Thus while there is, so to speak, a considerable overlap in the content of the Third Precept with the Jewish and Christian commandment, "Thou shalt not commit adultery," there is a big difference in the spirit and approach. Since most people in the West have some Christian conditioning — even if only indirectly — it is as well to be clear about this. The traditional Christian view is that sexual intercourse is permissible solely within the marriage-bond. Even then the implication is that, except as a necessary means for the procreation of children, it is really rather a bad thing, and should be restricted as far as possible — hence the debate about "the pill" and the like. Certain things such as contraception, homosexual activity, and so on are often looked on with horror and declared "unnatural" (which cannot be entirely correct since, after all, they happen!). Some of these prohibitions may today be more honored in the breach than the observance, but there is no doubt that rigid views of this sort are still widely held and officially propagated. The inevitable reaction, encouraged by some real or alleged psychological experts, is towards an attitude of total permissiveness, in which "anything goes." As was said earlier, rigid puritanism and total permissiveness are extreme views, to neither of which the Buddhist teaching subscribes. The one is merely an inadequate reaction against the other. What we have to do — what Buddhism in fact teaches us to do — is to map out a sane course between the two.

Sexual Pleasure and the Concept of "Sin"

Reduced to essentials, the great debate about sex revolves, for many people, around the concept of sin. To the puritan, indulgence in sexual activity for the sake of pleasure is evil, wicked, or, as he tends to say, "sinful" (i.e., displeasing to God). To the permissivist (to coin an awkward but convenient term), this is nonsense. He probably rejects the term "sin" as meaningless, and not only sees nothing evil in sexual pleasure but regards it as, highly legitimate, perhaps as the highest pleasure there is and certainly as something to which, in principle at least, everybody has a right. Many people, coming from a more or less Christian background with at least some puritanical overtones, find the true Buddhist attitude to this problem rather difficult to see. Perhaps they have never even been given a clear explanation of it or, if they have, it may have seemed too technical for them, and they have not grasped the point. The point, in fact, is of considerable importance, so it is worthwhile attempting to make it clear. It involves a proper elementary grasp of what is meant by kamma — something which many people, who may have been "Buddhists" for years, have never had.

We may, however, perhaps begin more profitably by considering the word "sin." "Sin" to a Christian is primarily thought of as a breach of God's commandments. This explanation is of course not wrong in terms of Christian theology, but is not applicable in Buddhism, where there are no such commandments that one can infringe. As already indicated, the so-called precepts are in fact undertakings to oneself, which is something different. They are more on a par with the instruction "Look both ways before you cross the road." Still there is much agreement between the content of the Five Precepts and some of the Ten Commandments, so it may be wise in many cases to behave accordingly, whichever formulation one follows. However, there is another rendering of the word sin itself which in fact (though less well-known) comes much closer to the Buddhist view of things. In the Bible, "sin" actually renders Hebrew and Greek words which literally mean "missing the mark," i.e., behaving inadequately or unskillfully. The sinner, then, is like an unskillful archer who misses his aim (could this be the real meaning of Zen and the Art of Archery?). But this comes, surely, very close to the idea of akusala kamma or "unskilled action" in Buddhism.

The Pali word kamma (Sanskrit karma) literally means "action" (i.e., volition: cetana), which can be either skilled (kusala) or unskilled (akusala). The results of action (kamma) accrue to the doer as vipaka, which is pleasant when the action was skilled, unpleasant when it was unskilled (if I look before I cross the road, I shall get across safely, which is pleasant; if I don't look I may get run down, which is unpleasant). The feelings we experience are in fact of the nature of vipaka — they are dependent on past kamma. And of course we are continually creating fresh kamma for a good part of our time. It should therefore be noted that the feeling of pleasure (sexual or otherwise) is not an action, but a result. There is, therefore, nothing either "skillful" or "unskillful" about experiencing such a feeling. We should therefore not regard it as either "virtuous" or "sinful." So far, so good. Such pleasant feelings can be enjoyed with a clear conscience and no guilt feeling. If this were all, there would be no problem. The puritans would be routed and the permissivists justified. Unfortunately, there is another side to the matter. We may recall that a few years ago there was a song "Money is the Root of all Evil" Some people pointed out that not money, but the love for money is the root of all evil (well, of a lot of evil, anyway). And here is the snag. Sexual pleasure (like money) is not "evil" (or unskilled), but attachment to sexual pleasure (like the love of money) is. If we can experience the pleasure without attachment we are all right; if we become attached to it, we are not "hitting the mark." Now of course it is rather difficult (to put it mildly) to experience pleasure of any sort without feeling attached to it. But attachment is kamma, and unskilled kamma at that. And the results of that will inevitably, according to Buddhism, be something unpleasant in the future.

What Sex is Really All About

The sexual drive is, in most circumstances, just about the strongest urge there is in man and in the other animals. This is so whether we think (with some) that it was implanted in us by God or (with others) by the devil. It can be denied all direct expression, quite obviously, and whether this is or is not a good thing to do depends very much indeed on how — and why — this is done. When we come to consider sex and religion, we find that in fact this is often done, in the Buddhist Sangha and the Roman Catholic Church, to take the two most obvious examples. The ostensible reasons for such a course in these two bodies may be quite different, but it is surely not without significance that they both — and some others — consider it important to even attempt such a seemingly unnatural exercise. But there is no doubt that a good deal of the enormous respect shown to members of both communities stems directly from the knowledge of their celibate way of life. In some parts or the world, indeed, such men are regarded as either supermen or hypocrites, since no normal man could be expected to endure such a life. And of course both communities do include quite a few hypocrites and, probably, a few supermen.

For the vast majority or people, of course, there is no question of their attempting such a thing except perhaps, for relatively short periods. The lady who once asked in a class, "If everybody became a bhikkhu, what would happen to the world?" could safely be told not to worry.

The biological function of sex is obvious and requires no discussion here. But the interesting thing for us to note is how sex — like everything else — is a purely impersonal force. We tend to think of it in intensely personal terms, but in actual fact it is a force that just flows through us and uses our most wonderful and inspiring emotions for its own ends, which are totally concerned with the continuance of the race as a whole. The idea that it is just a private and wonderful thing between you and me is merely a part of our general illusion. Altogether, it is a prolific breeder of illusions. It can lead a man to think he has found the most wonderful woman in the whole world while everybody else is thinking, "What on earth can he possibly see in her?"

To the Buddhist, of course, sex is an expression — perhaps the chief expression — of thattanha or craving which brings dukkha in its train. It is therefore quite logical that we should seek to bring it under control. In a sense, that is all there is to the whole question. The aim of the true Buddhist is to bring about the cessation of craving, and from the individual point of view there is no other reason for sexual restraint than this. But from the broader ethical point of view there are, of course, other reasons which are no less important: if we behave recklessly and irresponsibly in sexual matters, we can cause untold harm to others; we can trifle with other people's emotions in a quite devilish way, bring unwanted children into the world, and so on and so forth. But none of these things would, of course, happen if we were able to control "our own" sexuality: "our own" in quotes because it is, as we have to remember, an impersonal force working through us, which is precisely why it is so difficult to control.

Total sexual control in the sense of perfect abstinence is quite obviously only for the few. It is perhaps one mistake of the Roman Catholic Church that it seeks to impose this discipline on too many people and too absolutely, as some Catholics now recognize. But in fact there will always be more than sufficient people willing and even determined to keep the human race going. Society's problem is rather to prevent the population explosion from getting completely out of hand — hence all the rather dreary arguments about "the pill."

Now there are various possible ways of controlling the sex-urge, some bad, some good. One is through fear: fear of hell fire, fear of venereal diseases, and so on. This is of course not a particularly good way, though it can certainly work, and is perhaps not always wholly harmful. After all, there can be various unfortunate consequences of intercourse and we should be aware of them. Even rebirth in some very unpleasant "hell-state" is not necessarily a complete fantasy. But of course an exaggerated fear of dreadful penalties for minor transgressions is not psychologically very helpful.

Another way is the way of repression. This is of course not a conscious process. It is a form of successful self deception, as a result of which we are not consciously aware of a thing. Repression, as ought to be better known than in fact seems to be the case, is by no means the same thing as voluntary "suppression." Very few people in actual fact have really "transcended sex" — though quite a lot of people seem to think they have. They never connect their resultant psychological troubles with the root-cause — repressed sex. But it should be firmly stated that, if we can do it, suppression with awareness does little or no harm.

A great deal of sexual energy can, of course, be canalized or "sublimated" into other things: art, music, intense religious faith, and so on. People — especially but by no means only women — are well known in all religious groups who have done this with more or less success. And those who have attained the meditative absorptions known as the jhanas may find therein an emotional outlet which is superior to that of sex. All this is fine, and very much to the good. But even these things do not in themselves entirely solve the problem, at least in the ultimate sense.

Sex and Rebirth

As long as there remains even a latent craving (including that for sex), according to the Buddhist teaching rebirth will inevitably continue to take place. For we are reborn, not merely because of the sexual drive which brought about the union of our parents, but also because of that same sexual drive in "ourselves," i.e., in that stream of consciousness which produces the changing series of patterns of our own particular individuality. And this is in fact the deeper significance of the Oedipus complex and other such matters unearthed by Freud. According to the "Tibetan Book of the Dead" those whose karmic predispositions destine them for rebirth in human form see couples in sexual union and experience desire for an attractive member of the opposite sex among those couples. By this desire they thereupon find themselves drawn into the womb and reborn — which was not at all what they wanted! The Theravada scriptures do not specifically describe the process, and it may be rather symbolic than literal, but psychologically at least something like this is what happens.

Quite obviously, the average Buddhist lay person has no present intention of living a celibate life — nor is this being urged here. But some knowledge of the nature of sexuality and of how it can be transcended can help him to solve his sexual problems, if only by helping him to avoid self-deception.

Sex and the Stages on the Path

According to the Buddhist teaching, the path to Full Enlightenment is marked by the successive attainment (and fruition) of four stages. The first of these is that of the stream-winner (sotapanna), who has broken three of the ten fetters and "glimpsed Nibbana." The essential factor here is the clear realization of impersonality (anatta). This realization at the same time eliminates skeptical doubt and belief in rites and rituals. In our present connection the important point to note is this: in the moment when anatta is realized — when, that is, the spurious nature of "self " is clearly seen — there can, obviously, be no desire of any sort for that "self" and its gratification.

True, this moment of deep insight passes, but its profound effects remain. Desires return, but their root has been irreparably broken, so that they must eventually die away. In fact at this stage — and this should be realized — sexual desire, and aggression, may still be quite strong in some types of character. But of course they will never result in the grosser forms of misconduct. However, craving (including the sexual drive) in its more latent form may still be powerful enough to lead to repeated rebirths — up to seven times, it is said.

The second stage, that of the once-returner (sakada-gamin), when "Nibbana has been glimpsed" a second time, results in a dramatic reduction of both these urges. Henceforth, they have at most only "nuisance-value," and rebirth in the world of sensuality cannot, it is said, take place more than once. Only at the third stage, that of the non-returner (anagamin), are they quite eliminated. Such a person has no more ties with this world, and so will not be reborn here, though he may be reborn in another sphere before attaining Full Enlightenment.

From all this the conclusion may be drawn that, while it is indeed possible to "transcend sexuality" in this life, it is not by any means as simple as some suppose, and many who think they have done it are deceiving themselves. Nevertheless there are many in the robe and out of it who, without having reached this stage, have in practice gained complete control of the sex impulse.

Gaining Control

How, then, can control of sexuality be achieved? A large measure of control can certainly be gained by concentrative (samatha) meditation practice, which stills the mind and can lead to the jhana states. In non-Buddhist systems this is probably the best that can be hoped for, and it is not to be despised. Indeed, many people, especially in the West (and probably also, e.g., in modern Japan), are so disturbed that some such calming practice is almost essential, perhaps for a very long time. But the other way, and the truly Buddhist way, which can lead right to the goal, is the way of Insight. The main scriptural basis for this is the Satipatthana Sutta.

The four foundations of mindfulness as set forth there are: mindfulness as to body, feelings, states of mind, and mind-contents. With reference to "states of mind," it is said: "He knows lustful mind and the mind that is free from lust. He knows how lust arises and how it ceases." This is not a manual of meditation, and it must suffice here just to indicate how by mindfulness one comes to discover how mental and physical phenomena arise and cease, and therefore, ultimately, how to bring about their cessation.

In this method, there is no forcing. Rigid suppression by an act of will is not required — and will not anyway lead to the goal. When even quite intractable-seeming personal problems are fully seen in their true nature, they will dissolve. It may take time and much perseverance, but it is a way of gentleness, which does no violence to one's nature. Eventually, if steadfastly pursued, it can lead to the solution of all our problems, not only those connected with sex. Slowly and patiently, we can disentangle by mindfulness all the guilt feelings and other complications which may have developed. And we come to realize, probably to our surprise, that the seeing is the cure, when the seeing is deep enough.

Conclusion

Sex is a powerful force in us all. In itself it is neither "good" nor "bad." But it can certainly create problems. And modern Western man is particularly prone to such problems, partly because of the sheer hectic pace and pressure of modern life, which exaggerates all our troubles, and more specifically because of his background. A puritanical Church tradition (one extreme) has now been vigorously challenged by a secular spirit of permissiveness (the other extreme). For many people it is not at all easy to find the middle way between these two extremes.

There is nothing "sinful" about sex. If we make mistakes, we should recognize them and try to avoid repeating them, but we should not develop guilt-complexes about them. Sexual lapses are not uniquely wicked, and in fact all but the grosser forms of sexual misconduct are probably on the whole less harmful socially than a lot of other things many people do. But it should be borne in mind that sex does usually involve at least one other person, and potentially the next generation. In this respect it is strictly incumbent on us at all times to act responsibly which means compassionately. Otherwise, the physical and emotional consequences for somebody may be very serious.

The ideal of sex only within monogamous marriage should be just as valid for Buddhists as for Christians. It should, at least, not be lightly departed from.

The way of mindfulness has been recommended above. Admittedly, not everybody is prepared to practice intensive mindfulness, whatever benefits may be urged for it. But even a moderate degree of habitual mindfulness can produce surprising results. If we learn, with detachment, to watch our desires at play, it is often quite astonishing how they seem to "drop away," almost of their own accord. To take as an example a related problem: many people, when they first come to Buddhism, are worried about the Fifth Precept, which deals with intoxication. "Can't I have a drink occasionally?" they ask, often rather anxiously. The answer is, of course: "It's up to you." But in this case, too, having tried a little mindfulness, they are frequently surprised to find that they want a drink less and less. As a matter of fact, the same principle applies here too. Having discovered the principle, applied it and found that it works, we can decide for ourselves how far we wish to take it. It will take us as far as we are prepared to go.

Some readers may wonder that there has been no mention of the word "love" in the foregoing. To have discussed this question would have led too far. So I will merely quote the following two phrases from a newspaper advice-column:

"I am in love" means "I want me to be happy"; "I love" means "I want to make you happy."

Buddhists might reflect, and even meditate, on these two statements — at various levels.

Golden Rule: Never let Passion override Compassion

Specific Sexual Issues

Marriage. Most religions and moral codes of the West draw a clear, bright line around marriage. Sex inside the line, good. Sex outside the line, bad. Although monogamous marriage is the ideal, Buddhism generally takes the attitude that sex between two people who love each other is moral, whether they are married or not. On the other hand, sex within marriages can be abusive, and marriage doesn't make that abuse moral.

Homosexuality. You can find anti-homosexual teachings in some schools of Buddhism, but I believe these are based on cultural attitudes. My understanding is that the historical Buddha did not specifically address homosexuality, and I can think of no Buddhist teaching that would call for homosexual relationships to be treated differently from heterosexual relationships.

Desire. The Second Noble Truth teaches that the cause of suffering is craving or thirst (tanha). This doesn't mean cravings should be repressed or denied. Instead, in Buddhist practice we acknowledge our passions and learn to see they are empty, so they no longer control us. This is true for hate, greed and other emotions. Sexual desire is no different.

In The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics (1984), Robert Aitken Roshi said (pp. 41-42), "For all its ecstatic nature, for all its power, sex is just another human drive. If we avoid it just because it is more difficult to integrate than anger or fear, then we are simply saying that when the chips are down we cannot follow our own practice. This is dishonest and unhealthy."

in Vajrayana Buddhism, the energy of desire becomes a means for enlightenment; see "Introduction to Buddhist Tantra."

The Middle Way

Western culture at the moment seems to be at war with itself over sex, with rigid puritanism on one side and licentiousness on the other. Always, Buddhism teaches us to avoid extremes and find a middle way. As individuals we may make different decisions, but wisdom (prajna) and loving kindness (metta), not lists of rules, show us the path.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).